Tuesday, December 24, 2019

European Colonization in Shakespeares The Tempest Essay

No Critique of European Colonization in The Tempest Since the 1960s, several critics have found a critique of colonialism in their respective readings of Shakespeares The Tempest. The most radical of these analyses takes Prospero to be a European invader of the magical but primitive land that he comes to rule, using his superior knowledge to enslave its original inhabitants, most notably Caliban, and forcing them to do his bidding. While the textual clues concerning the geographic location of Prosperos island are ambiguous and vague, there is a prominent references to the Bermoothes. We know that shortly before he wrote his final play, Shakespeare read a contemporary travel account of the Virginia Companys 1609 expedition to†¦show more content†¦Just as Native American tribes would come to distinguish between colonizers from different nations, e.g., favoring the French over the British or vice versa, Caliban becomes disenchanted with Trinculo as a master and proclaims that he will only serve Stephano. For his part, like some great father protecting his children from a European rival, Stephano rebukes Trinculo for his mistreatment of Caliban, saying that the poor monsters my subject, and he shall not suffer indignity (III, ii., ll.36-37). All of this closely resembles some aspects of European colonialist stereotypes of the New Worlds peoples and of their historical subjugation of Indians for their own good. If Shakespeares play does comment upon European exploration and colonization in the Western Hemisphere, however, The Tempest does not contain a critique of exploitation, but, instead, an apology for it. Caliban was initially treated as an ignorant child and only put under wraps after he attempted to force himself upon the completely innocent Miranda. The charge of rape is made more credible in having Miranda pass judgment upon Caliban whom she calls an Abhorrd slave (I, ii., l.352). Unlike our current understanding of European colonialism, Prospero puts Caliban in chains because he has earned the status ofShow MoreRelated tempcolon Confronting Colonialism and Imperialism in Aime Cesaires A Tempest1403 Words   |  6 PagesColonialism in A Tempest   Ã‚  Ã‚   A Tempest by Aime Cesaire is an attempt to confront and rewrite the idea of colonialism as presented in Shakespeare’s The Tempest.   He is successful at this attempt by changing the point of view of the story.   Cesaire transforms the characters and transposes the scenes to reveal Shakespeare’s Prospero as the exploitative European power and Caliban and Ariel as the exploited natives.   Cesaire’s A Tempest is an effective response to Shakespeare’s The Tempest because heRead More Aime Cesaires A Tempest Clarifies Shakespeares The Tempest1683 Words   |  7 PagesCesaires A Tempest Clarifies Shakespeares The Tempest      Ã‚  Ã‚   Negritude, originally a literary and ideological movement of French-speaking black intellectuals, reflects an important and comprehensive reaction to the colonial situation of European colonization (Carlberg).   This movement, which influenced Africans as well as blacks around the world, specifically rejects the political, social, and moral domination of the West.  Ã‚   Leopold Senghor, Leon Damas, and Aime Cesaire are the three pioneersRead MoreWorld Events Influencing Shakespeare ¨s The Tempest Essay example1277 Words   |  6 Pagesquickly evolving. It was the â€Å"golden age† of poetry, music and literature. It was in the midst of European exploration that Shakespeare wrote, The Tempest. It would be safe to suggest that many of the worldly events during this time, such as the shipwreck of Sea Venture, global colonization, and the works of Michel de Montaigne, had prodigious influences on Shakespeare’s play, The Tempest. The Tempest starts aboard a ship in the middle of the sea caught in a violent hurricane. Members of the audienceRead More Conflict and Harmony in The Tempest Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesConflict and Harmony in The Tempest   Ã‚  Ã‚   William Shakespeare describes a utopic world saturated with supernatural images and ideas which works to create the mysterious island where The Tempest takes place.   This is one of Shakespeares best examples of how a natural harmony reveals itself through the actions of discourse and confusion.   To illustrate this idea best one must examine the historical context upon which The Tempest is based.   Because this play was published in the early 1600sRead MoreTheme Of Colonialism In The Tempest924 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare wrote The Tempest around 1610, towards the end of his career as a playwright. The play depicts a story about a usurped duke who has taken over and become the ruler of the island and its’ inhabitants. Amongst many themes, one theme in the play that is clearly evident is colonialism. During the time Shakespeare was writing The Tempest, colonialism was one of the biggest issues of the time. For this reason, it is not surprising that Sha kespeare chose to include many references to colonialismRead More tempcolon Essay on European Colonization in The Tempest1965 Words   |  8 PagesThe Theme of European Colonization in The Tempest  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries were distinguished times, in which new thoughts and great legends were being born and Europe was changing. People were seeing their world in a new, dazzling light. Humanitys greatest writers, scientists, and composers were beginning to share their gifts. However, underneath these artistic overtones were the political changes, too. There was a New World out there, and its potential was undefinedRead More The Tempest, a Brave New World; or just a sad goodbye? Essay1634 Words   |  7 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Through the years there has been much debate as to whether Shakespeare’s The Tempest is an Allegory to European colonization and colonial life, or if it is his â€Å"farewell to the stage† with a complete overview of the stage and a compilation of all of his characters into a few, in which the playwright himself being presented as Prospero. Is The Tempest an allegory to European colonization, or is it Shakespeare, presenting his formal farewell to the stage? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;ManyRead MoreNature, Power, And Division Of A Tempest And The Tempest1175 Words   |  5 PagesNature, Power, and Division in A Tempest and The Tempest Humans have often struggled to define their relationship with nature throughout history. In the early periods of their existence, humans were ruled by the brutality of untamed nature. They utilized nature to an extent of survival, but had not yet developed a system to thrive within it. As humans advanced, both mentally and technologically, their aptitude and desire to exploit nature increased dramatically. These two polar relationships betweenRead MoreEssay on Post Colonial Interpretations of Shakespeare’s The Tempest1908 Words   |  8 PagesInterpretations of Shakespeare’s The Tempest â€Å"†¦do we really expect, amidst this ruin and undoing of our life, that any is yet left a free and uncorrupted judge of great things and things which reads to eternity; and that we are not downright bribed by our desire to better ourselves?† – Longinus Since the seventeenth century many interpretations and criticisms of William Shakespeare’s The Tempest have been recorded. Yet, since the play is widely symbolical and allegorical Shakespeare’s actual intentionsRead MoreExamples Of Colonialism In The Tempest944 Words   |  4 PagesThe Tempest, written by playwright William Shakespeare is one of his most popular, yet also controversial plays. This paper will discuss the postcolonial interpretations of Shakespeare’s play, by looking at the nature of colonialism, and how it has been incorporated within his play, through the role of the colonized versus the colonizers. This paper will also compare how 21st century audience’s views may differ to that of the traditional Elizabethan’s, in relation to the play’s treatment of the original

Monday, December 16, 2019

Admission Essay Final Free Essays

Pursuing my dream career in Practical Nursing will bring to me a great sense of satisfaction.   I have always wanted to study nursing up to the highest education level possible for two reasons; one to use the education for life and secondly to live off the education. Education for me is just more than attaining good grades. We will write a custom essay sample on Admission Essay Final or any similar topic only for you Order Now Education for me is an opportunity to develop into a well-rounded person, fully equipped to face the world and serve my community and humanity and eventually make the world a better place for future generations to live in. The Lead School of Technology University has a unique culture which emphasizes on innovation, imagination and a culture of valuing of people. The Lead School of Technology University has a well-equipped library which meets the research needs of students, fully computerized and equipped with state of the art equipment. This is very ideal for nursing students and is very crucial for me as a nursing student. Throughout my life, I have always desired to study nursing from a reputable University hence my desire to join Lead School of Technology University which has unmatched standards in as far as nursing programs are concerned. My dream is to excel as a nursing student and graduate as a well-rounded nursing professional able to deal with the challenges that constantly emerge in the field. Without this hands-on experience, skills and knowledge, I cannot be able to make it, hence, my resolve to join Lead School of Technology University where I believe I will achieve my career and academic goals.   My dream to pursue nursing stems from an early age, partly from the encouragement from parents and secondly from my personal ambitions and career goals. My ambition is grounded in the realization that I am talented I love caring for people. I understand the importance of nurturing the talent and for me, the best way to do it is by studying nursing at the University level. For me, nursing is more than giving care; it is more than a path to a promising career.   Nursing is a means to express oneself in one of the mot effective ways. Nursing leads to special way of communication in that it connects the nurse and the patient. Nursing is the best avenue to solve some of the social challenges the world is faced with, in regard to disease. Nursing can play a very positive role in conflict resolution in a world dominated by violence and selfishness. It is my conviction that, enrolling for a LPN course in this college will provide me with the necessary information-based skills to excel in achieving my career goals.   In this competitive world, it takes discipline, an understanding of relevant laws, a good understanding of ethical code of conduct and a couple of other skills to survive in the competitive nursing field.   My admission for a LPN program will therefore equip me with the above-mentioned skills and therefore make me a qualified professional. Conclusion   My interest in Lead School of Technology University is informed by the fact that, it will offer me with an empowering study environment. Lead School of Technology University has a sizeable number of students which means that, admission at the University requires high qualifications making it a center for excellence. I really look forward to getting admission to the Lead School of Technology University nursing program. Bibliography Gordon, V (2005).   Career advising: An academic advisor’s guide. San Francisco CA: Jossey-Bass. How to cite Admission Essay Final, Essays

Sunday, December 8, 2019

How to establish trust in global team free essay sample

For example, if we see someone wearing an overly large T-shirt and a backwards hat, people might judge him by trying to have this cool, young rapper kind of look. This is very common in my own culture in Korea, as well as Japan, especially when it comes to our style of hip-hop music. But here, even this can be seen as an imitation to other parts of the worlds. To me, dont think so at all. This just shows how a style can grow and become universal. It doesnt matter if youre American or Japanese or Korean; the style as grown to be one and the same.Therefore, music can be influenced by people who both listen and appreciate this fun and interesting style. Globalization helped bring American rap music to the other side of the world, and allowed it to develop within the Asian cultures. Even now, popular artists in America turn to Asian artists and producers and exchange different takes and styles on this genre of music. We will write a custom essay sample on How to establish trust in global team or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is very amazing in my opinion, and I expect us to have even more culture and influence exchanged with each other. How to establish trust in global team free essay sample It is hard to say whether Japanese Hip-Hop is real or not. In Japan, there are famous rap artists out there, like DC MURK and SIMON. In fact, they are so popular In Japan, that they are even making a break In America. For Instance, SIMON was even recognized by the popular American rapper 50 Cent. Hip-Hops beginnings In America originally told stones of struggle and survival with African-Americans growing up In the slums and ghettos of crowded scales, varying from the East Coast to the West Coast. Even then, there were varying differences in both styles and beats pending on the location of each rapper.On the other side of the world, however, countries like Japan and Korea have to develop their own styles as well. No matter how much they choose to imitate the original, there will always be something different about Asian Hip-Hop in comparison to American Hip-Hop-?the language barrier being Just one aspect of it. We will write a custom essay sample on How to establish trust in global team or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This day in age, Asian Hip-Hop has become very popular, and in my opinion, Japanese Hip-Hop music can be considered real. Although there are a lot of artists in Salsa who Imitate American rap music, I believe that Imitation helps teach creation. From there, Japanese HIP-HOP artists and other Aslant artists can learn to make their own creative styles with rap music. If Asians werent able to understand Americas style, maybe then, their songs are Just Imitations, and awful Imitations at best. Of course, at first, because of the language barrier, most people will already think of Japanese Hip-Hop as a poor imitation; but if you can get past the barrier and really focus on the music, you can get an appreciation for the different styles presented in Asian music.Hip-Hop is still a relatively young style of music, introduced to America in the late sass. Through rap and its various styles of poetry and storytelling, the African American youth told the reality of their situations, I. E. Living conditions, prejudice from the authorities, being poor and/or homeless, the selling and distribution of drugs, etc. Over the years, Hip-Hops popularity began to Increase nationally, but was still considered to be strictly African-Americans own kind of music. However, In the ass, white rap artists Like The Beastie Boys and Mine started to grow In popularity s well.Today, Mine is one of the best selling rap artists, despite not being an African-American. Having said this, if people from other races in America can gather an understanding and their own identity of Hip-Hop, why cant people from Japan or Korea or any other Asian country do the same? I also think that young people these days are can easily define themselves by the kind of music they listen to. Its kind of like a double-edged sword, where it has both positive and negative effects. Kids are very easily impressed by what they see on TV r what they listen to on the radio.Through entertainment, and especially music, the younger generations clothing style, speech patterns, and behaviors can all change based on what they are exposed to. For example, If we see someone wearing an overly large T-shirt and a backwards hat, people might Judge him by trying to have this cool, young rapper kind of look. This Is very common In my own culture In Korea, as well as Japan, especially when it comes to our style of hip-hop music. But here, so at all. This Just shows how a style can grow and become universal.It doesnt tater if youre American or Japanese or Korean; the style has grown to be one and the same. Therefore, music can be influenced by people who both listen and appreciate this fun and interesting style. Globalization helped bring American rap music to the other side of the world, and allowed it to develop within the Asian cultures. Even now, popular artists in America turn to Asian artists and producers and exchange different takes and styles on this genre of music. It is very amazing in my opinion, and I expect us to have even more culture and influence exchanged with each other.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Own Story Essays - British Cuisine, Canadian Cuisine, Precipitation

Own Story "Bzzzzzzzzz!!!" the alarm rang. Small dirty hands hit the off switch and got out of bed. The scrawny boy walked over to the window in his old spider-man pajamas and looked outside. Everything was white as far as the eyes could see. The ground was covered with a silky smooth blanket of fresh new snow, which concealed the old brown sheet from the week before. By the driveway the top of an "open house" peered out from the snow. After changing, the little child proceeded down the brown carpeted stairs which spit up dust with every step he took. The walls of the old house were maroon with an occasional faded outline of an old picture. The hardwood floors were also barren and would creak with every step. The boy walked into the kitchen, turned on the stove and placed a griddle over it. Next he opened the old fashioned refrigerator. The light inside flickered on and off as he reached for the eggs and bacon. He shut the door and headed over to the counter where he placed the egg carton and bacon. His nimble hands picked up three slices of bacon and broke two eggs on the griddle. The pan was not warm so the eggs and bacon just sat there. Suddenly the boy heard a car door slam and people talking. He looked out the window and saw two women heading towards the front door. The shy boy quickly turned around and ran out the back door. The people outside trudged through the thick heavy snow towards the front door. They reached the doorstep of the off-white house, and rammed the rusty knocker against the forest green door. The knock let out a loud hollow echo. They stood in the cold waiting for someone to open the door, but after five minutes they decided to invite themselves into the house. "Hello?" one woman shouted. They waited for an answer but only heard the crackling of bacon grease coming from the kitchen. The air had the savory scent of smoked bacon and eggs, which made their stomachs growl. They slowly walked to the kitchen and peered in to see nothing but burnt eggs and bacon on the sizzling griddle. They looked to the left and saw that the back door was open. Outside, the tracks of fresh footprints created a path in the snow that lead toward a white picket fence. The gate to the fence swung back and forth in the cold sharp wind. "Ahhh!! Help!!" a sharp shrill came from behind the fence. The two ladies gave each other a quick glance as the call for help rang out over and over . They both ran to the gate as the fresh snow flurried off from the soles of their boots. Two feet past the gate they both tripped over a thin wire that was stretched out across the ground. They lifted their now cold and wet faces out of the snow, and saw nothing but an empty yard. The women began to grow goose bumps all over their bodies and gave each other a nervous look. They stood up and wiped the snow off their bodies. An angry growl grew louder and louder from behind them and now their goose bumps grew to little mole hills all over their bodies. They slowly turned around and they both became as white as the velvety snow that surrounded them. Their knees began to shake and their hearts started to beat faster and faster until their heartbeats became one monotone sound. Their eyes opened widely and stared straight ahead as if they had seen a ghost. However, it was no ghost they were looking at. Instead they were looking at a 12 year old boy covered in snow and dirt. The fence had now been closed. A large evil grin was stretched across the boy's face and his jet black eyes glared at the two helpless women. His arms were raised like a vampire before his transformation into a bat. The women thought that the devil himself had possessed this boy. This thought was the last that ever entered their heads. The boy let out a sharp scream and pounced on the two women like a tiger who hadn't eaten for weeks. Their screams only lasted for a split second and then dead silence rang through the cold dry air. The young boy, now tired from digging, threw the limp bodies in the shallow graves in the snow. He

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Compare and contrast the poems The Lady of Shalott and The Highway Man Essay Example

Compare and contrast the poems The Lady of Shalott and The Highway Man Essay Example Compare and contrast the poems The Lady of Shalott and The Highway Man Paper Compare and contrast the poems The Lady of Shalott and The Highway Man Paper Essay Topic: Poetry In this essay, Im going to compare and contrast the two poems The Lady of Shalott and The Highway Man. I will be looking at their points of similarity and difference. The Lady of Shalott The Lady of Shalott is set in the fairy land of Shalott. She is a prisoner in an isolated castle with four grey towers and four grey walls. There is a river which flows down to Camelott. The castle in which shes imprisoned is on an island in the middle of the river. She is like a fairy not seen by anybody. She has a curse placed on her. She can only look at the world in reflection. She looks into a mirror and weaves a tapestry of the world outside. She sees the highway near winding down to Camelott, the red cloaks of market girls, a curly Shepherd lad, a long-haired page in crimson clad and the knights come riding two and two. Then she sees Sir Lancelot, a handsome, wealthy noble knight, ride between the barley sheaves. He flashed into the crystal mirror. She left the web, she left the loom she looked down to Camelott. Out flew the web and floated wide; the mirror cracked from side to side. The curse was now broken. She left the castle and found a boat beneath the willow afloat; she lay robed in snowy white in this boat and gently drifted down stream to Camelott and died. They heard her singing her last song, The Lady of Shalott. The Lady of Shalott is mainly set in the day as she looks into the mirror at the pastoral world outside. It is also mainly warm and sunny. The weather changes (pathetic fallacy) moves to night; she freezes to death. Lancelot is a noble knight, handsome, wealthy, honorable and has a high status. Lady of Shalott has a lovely face robed in snowy white. The Lady of Shalott dies peacefully, she just drifts off. She dies by accident for her imaginary love. The Lady of Shalott is divided into two parts each a chapter of the story. It is very methodical each stanza is nine lines. It has a very definite rhyme pattern. Every 5th line Camelot there is two exceptions Lancelot; he disrupts the pattern of her life. This breaks the pattern. The 9th line Shalott this echoes the gentle flow of the river ever towards Camelot. Alliteration is used to give the sound of the gentle breeze; willows whiten. Repetition is used to heighten effect four grey four grey. There is very little life (realism) about the poem but it is about a fairy lady. There are only three examples of direct speech. There is very little by the way of imagery Like to some branch of stars simile. Some bearded meteor trailing light metaphor with some degree of personification. There is the use of pathetic fallacy at the start of section IV, this is where the weather mirror events stormy east wind straining but the death itself is peaceful, and so there is little sound. The only onomatopoeia is the mirror cracked and this is at the dramatic climax of the poem; she has broken the curse and there is no going back. The Highway Man This poem is set in an isolated pub in the middle of the moors. It is as lonely and cut off as the castle of which The Lady of Shalott is imprisoned. There is a road outside the pub, just as by the river there is a road. In both cases the road brings destiny. In the pub lives Bess the landlords black-eyed daughter, Tim the Osler and the landlord. The Highway man rides down to the pub to see Bess, whereas in The Lady of Shalott floats down the river to see Lancelot. Lancelot is a law-abiding knight and the Highway man is a criminal but both look handsome. The Highway man plans to do a robbery and take Bess away to start a new life together. They seal it with a kiss which is real, whereas The Lady of Shalott has never been kissed in her life. Just as The Lady of Shalott has a curse, Bess also has a curse, her beauty. Because of her curse she attracts the Highway man and Tim. Tim overhears the conversation between Bess and the Highway man. He tells the soldiers that the Highway man is planning a robbery. The soldiers have a few beers in the pub and go upstairs. They tie up and gag Bess and put a musket up against her. They sexually torment Bess and behave like cowards. This poem is nearly all set at night a time of evil and it is cold, dark and windy whereas The Lady of Shalott is mainly set in the day and it is warm and sunny. Bess dies at night but the Highway man dies in broad daylight. The Lady of Shalott female has no name gives title to the poem. The Highway man male gives title to the poem. The main male character in The Highway man is a criminal whereas in The Lady of Shalott the main male character is an honorable noble Knight. The Lady of Shalott has a lovely face and is robed in snowy white and Bess is black-eyed; long black hair; love knot; red-lipped; cascade of perfume. In The Highway man Bess dies violently bloody, where as the Lady of Shalott dies peacefully. Bess deliberately kills herself to warn her lover whereas The Lady of Shalott dies by accident for her imaginary love. The Highway man is written in two parts (same as The Lady of Shalott) corresponding to before and after the robbery. It also has a regular rhyme pattern but the rhythms are much less even, suggesting the varying pace of action. The Highway man opens with a threatening metaphor torment of darkness. There is immediate movement tossed and the alliteration adds to the unease. The repetition Riding, riding suggest urgency, something relentless. There is much more life (realism) in this poem. It also has onomatopoeia plus alliteration cobbles clattered clashed. There is much more dialogue one kiss my bonny sweetheart. The use of punctuation devices; parentheses, dashes and exclamation marks adds to the reality of this poem. The use of italics adds emphasis to certain sections. The characters are described in greater detail and the beauty of Bess, the black cascade of perfume, is in contrast with the unhealthy appearance of Tim, his hair like moldy hay (a very effective simile. ) The poem is good at implying things with a simple line; they (Soldiers) kissed her says a lot about their values and invites comparison with the behaviour of the highway man. I think that The Highway man is much more effective and moved me more because it is more realistic, where as The Lady of Shalott is more like a fairy tale.

Friday, November 22, 2019

Metallic Character Properties and Trends

Metallic Character Properties and Trends Not all metallic elements are alike, but all share certain qualities. Here youll find what is meant by the metallic character of an element and how metallic character changes as you move across a period or down a group in the periodic table. What Is Metallic Character? Metallic character is the name given to the set of chemical properties associated with elements that are metals. These chemical properties result from how readily metals lose their electrons to form cations (positively charged ions). Physical properties associated with metallic character include metallic luster, shiny appearance, high density, high thermal conductivity, and high electrical conductivity. Most metals are malleable and ductile and can be deformed without breaking. Although many metals are hard and dense, there is actually a wide range of values for these properties, even for elements that are considered highly metallic. Metallic Character and Periodic Table Trends There are trends in metallic character as you move across and down the periodic table. Metallic character decreases as you move across a period in the periodic table from left to right. This occurs as atoms more readily accept electrons to fill a valence shell than lose them to remove the unfilled shell. Metallic character increases as you move down an element group in the periodic table. This is because electrons become easier to lose as the atomic radius increases, where there is less attraction between the nucleus and the valence electrons because of the increased distance between them. Recognizing Elements With Metallic Character You can use the periodic table to predict whether or not an element will display metallic character, even if you dont know anything about it. Heres what you need to know: Metallic character is displayed by metals, which are all on the left-hand side of the periodic table. The exception is hydrogen, which is a nonmetal under ordinary conditions. Even hydrogen behaves as a metal when its a liquid or solid, but you should consider it nonmetallic for most purposes.Elements with metallic character occur in certain groups or columns of elements, including the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals (including the lanthanide and actinides below the main body of the periodic table), and the basic metals. Other categories of metals include base metals, noble metals, ferrous metals, heavy metals,  and precious metals.  The metalloids display some metallic character, but this group of elements also has nonmetallic properties. Examples of Elements With Metallic Character Metals that display their character well include: francium (element with highest metallic character)cesium (next highest level of metallic character)sodiumcoppersilverirongoldaluminum Alloys and Metallic Character Although the term metallic character is typically applied to pure elements, alloys may also display metallic character. For example, bronze and most alloys of copper, magnesium, aluminum, and titanium typically display a high level of metallicity. Some metallic alloys consist purely of metals, but most also contain metalloids and nonmetals yet retain the properties of metals.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

The History of State Terrorism Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The History of State Terrorism - Article Example Through a historical perspective of terrorism, a student of the evolution of terrorism recognizes the various essential aspects that make contemporary terrorism of today different from traditional terrorism of the past. Whereas the nature and means of terrorism have changed over the past centuries in history, the results and effect of terrorism remain unchanged through different ages. When the history of state terrorism is explored in detail, one is reminded of the saying 'The more things change - the more things remain the same'. It is common that the terrorist party tends to appeal strongly to emotion when the state machinery is essentially rational. Similarly, the terrorist movement instills its politics with a powerful moral tone and a weak-versus-strong strategy reliant for the most part on its psychological impact on the adversary, where the state machinery operates on the basis of 'realist' policies and an understanding of the balance of power. "Today's terrorism is what speci alists call group or bottom-up-terrorism, but top-down (state) terrorism has been far more prevalent throughout history. It enjoyed its heyday in the twentieth century with the advent of totalitarianism. In terms of victims, top-down terrorism has taken a vastly higher toll than its bottom-up counterpart." (Chaliand and Blin, 2007, p 6). Therefore, top-down or state terrorism has been a reality through various periods in the history of terrorism, though it is most treacherous and malicious in the twenty-first century. Although there have been several significant attempts to counter the threats of this terrorist tendency, including the Global War on Terrorism, the state of affairs with regard to state terrorism has not changed greatly. That is to say, historical evaluation of state terrorism confirms the concept of the saying - 'The more things change - the more things remain the same'. Whereas terrorism has a long history of its development and state terrorism has been in place for quite long centuries, not many talked about 'state terrorism' until very recently. That is to say, state terrorism was not given great importance until in recent times and a profound understanding of state terrorism is essential to realize the concept of the saying - 'The more things change - the more things remain the same'.  Ã‚