The Use Of Coercive Diplomacy On American Politics

Generally speaking we live in a world that is safer than at any other point in our history. Even so, we have become accustomed to the inevitability of conflict because there is no central authority. There is only a large number of actors participating in an arena with very limited rules and enforcement, so uncertainty is an accepted and expected part of global politics. Given the level of uncertainty and self-interest in such a setting there is unavoidable conflict, but conflict doesn’t necessarily equate to violence. History has proven time and time again the perils of interstate fighting which makes tools of statecraft that do not involve violence attractive politically and even tactically. Economic sanctions are by no means a perfect one-size fits all solution and the ultimate tool to change behavior is still military intervention, but non-violent tools of coercive diplomacy are used every day and have more power than ever before. As the strongest tool of coercive diploma cy that we have today they carry more weight than diplomatic pressures and can convey seriousness without resorting to the costly consequences of force. Sanctions are an attractive solution to many cases of discord, but it is important to note that the consequences of economic coercion can be great for both parties involved and have unforeseen consequences, so they must be used with discretion. Nature of the Debate The problem with many discussions of economic sanctions today is that it is too oftenShow MoreRelatedNational Interest1367 Words   |  6 PagesNational Interest The world politics revolves round the term national interest. The history is as old as the history of world. The concept of National interest is indistinct and carries a meaning according to the milieu in which it is used by the states. The term national interest gained currency with the emergence of nation state system following the end of WWII, National interest become a tool to increase political control and the expansion of economic relations (Thompson, 1966). National interestRead MoreNational Interest1374 Words   |  6 PagesNational Interest The world politics revolves round the term national interest. The history is as old as the history of world. The concept of National interest is indistinct and carries a meaning according to the milieu in which it is used by the states. The term national interest gained currency with the emergence of nation state system following the end of WWII, National interest become a tool to increase political control and the expansion of economic relations (Thompson, 1966). National interestRead MoreThe Iraq War1487 Words   |  6 PagesIn his 1988 Republican National Convention acceptance speech former U.S. President George H.W. Bush proclaimed that, â€Å"Weakness and ambivalence lead to war.†. For better or worse a states ability to influence world politics is primarily based on much power they have. In purely academic terms, power is the ability of Actor A to get Actor B to do something that B would otherwise not do; the ability to get the other side to make concessions and to avoi d having to make concessions oneself (Frieden PRead MoreRelations Between Bilateral And Multilateral Relations1257 Words   |  6 PagesNAME: WAINAINA A. N. ID NO: 638552 COURSE: POLITICS OF REGIONLISM IN AFRICA COURSE CODE: IRL 3045 LECTURER: KATETE G. DATE: 11TH JUNE 2015 SUMMER SEMESTER INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT: GIVING EXAMPLES GIVE AT LEAST THREE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BILATERAL COOPERATION AND MULTILATERAL COOPERATIONS. INTRODUCTION Bilateral and multilateral relations are terms commonly referred to in International Relations. Both terms are focused on relationships that are either amongst two states commonly referredRead MoreNuclear Weapons Of Mass Destruction1057 Words   |  5 PagesKarla Ximena Leyte Though Paper #3 Weapons of mass destruction and their ability to challenge security and create large-scale obliteration have become the most significant threat in international politics, causing vast concern of the consequences that may arise if they were to emerge in the hands of dangerous non-state actors. Chemical, nuclear, and biological weapons not only possess the ability to end the life of many but also pose negative effects on the environment and global economy. WhileRead MoreUnification of Germany Essay1387 Words   |  6 Pageswish for of a bigger military. The most well know figure behind the German unification was Otto von Bismarck or the â€Å"Iron Chancellor† a conservative Junker. Bismarck was appointed as Wilhem’s Prime Minister in 1862. Bismarck believed in the idea of politics of reality or Realpolitik or â€Å"a foreign policy based on calculations of power and national interest† ( Kassner 3). Between 1864 and 1866 an alliance was forged between Austria and Prussia. After unifying their alliance they declared war against DenmarkRead MoreRacism, Revenge, the War without Mercy, and the Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb2012 Words   |  8 Pagesto accept the Japanese surrender on this condition. Yet when the Potsdam Declaration was issued in July 1945, Truman and Byrnes removed the condition that would have allowed the emperor to remain in power. As Herwin put it, for forty years, the American public had been misled about the decision-making process, as indeed most of it still is even today (Sherwin xv). From secret documents declassified over the last thirty years, Alperovitz and Sherwin also proved conclusively that Truman, Byrnes andRead MoreRealism and Instruments of Power2285 Words   |  10 Pagesaffect outcomes, the ability to change the behavior of others to make an outcome happen, and is the ultimate way to organize a disorderly world and achieve security (Forsyth, 2 008, 9-18). According to realism, the driving force behind international politics is fear, which forces states to exercise their power. States impose order over anarchy in order to achieve security for their interests. Different threats to states’ interests prompt policy to eliminate these threats, and in today’s world, energyRead MorePolicymakers have a range of tools to use in conflict resolution and post-conflict reconstruction.3200 Words   |  13 PagesPolicymakers have a range of tools to use in conflict resolution and post-conflict reconstruction. While varied in breath and effect, the political, economic, and military tools policy makers use ties to traditional methods of conflict resolution. However, as conflicts have evolved to occupy the larger and more public stages following globalization, so have the tools. Globalization not only increased state-to-state awareness of inequalities in wealth and resources, but also within states; increasingRead MoreHuma n Rights Of The Middle East Essay2143 Words   |  9 PagesTherefore, in response to such predicted human rights disaster, the international community intervened in Libya for the universal cause of protecting human rights. And of course, human rights protection has always been a fundamental principle for American leadership and such intervention certainly manifested America’s resolution to promote human rights abroad, although there was time when the Untied States failed to embrace human rights. However, the disparity in policies and other national interests

Persepolis Symbols Essay - 879 Words

Persepolis Symbols In America, the Islamic Revolution means absolutely nothing to a ten year old child, but in Iran it’s like a plague that’s draped across their entire world as they know it. Most Iranian children are unlike the children of the United States, which have no restrictions on dress or schools, even freedom. Iranian children live in a country controlled by their government that prohibits simple pleasures and freedoms because this government forbids Iranian families the ability to control their own lives. Iranian’s live in a country that demands they have obedience to their religious culture at all times or pay the consequences. The book, Persepolis, by Marjane Satrapi documents her childhood story using her own eyes†¦show more content†¦Marji would continue indeed, in the search for answers of why things were this way, but not before making her dream come true. Marji wanted to become a real prophet. She was born into religion; enjoying her da ily talks with God. She remained dedicated that year to being the only prophet left and confiding in only her grandmother with this secret. Marji found comfort in reading her favorite book Dialectic Materialism, which taught lessons of the mind, is this reality or not, and the phenomenon of nature. She found herself at a very young age referencing her imagination often; wondering what makes a solid world’s reflections as being non-existing (panel 7, 12). In fact, Marji a ten year old child in the middle of the Islamic Revolutionary war, claims her faith to be unshaken. Over the following four years, Marji learned of how her grandparents were left poor because of the Shah, the leader of the Iranian government. Shah was well known for robing men and women of everything they had worked for and leaving them with nothing. Nevertheless, Marji was schooled on the different levels of society in Iran, which left her to consider her family as rich because her Dad drove a Cadillac. Desp ite being a child, Marji accused her dad of being anti-social towards a class that could not read and write. To clarify Marji helped out a friend with the writing of some love letters. Mehi was the family maid that could not read or write. Mehi fell in love with the boyShow MoreRelatedThe Use of Art by Those in Power602 Words   |  2 Pagesnations from Persepolis. As many people from his nation could not read, Darius then had stone reliefs created that combined styles from all over the empire, these carvings showed each nation bring tributes to their king. These cravings showed a sign of respect and these carvings communicated that Darius admired and respected his people. Darius created a symbol for himself, that of the archer, this symbolize to Persians as leadership and wisdom, to the concept of kingship. Darius these symbols on goldRead MoreThe Hittite Civilization972 Words   |  4 Pagesfoot tall x 32 feet wide, the original size was probably different. The gate was covered in lapis lazuli colored glazed bricks which give it blue jewel appearance, bas relief of dragons and bulls symbolized the gods Marduk and Adad. The lion was a symbol of the Babylonian goddess Ishtar, which the gate is named after. All the animals are in a striding pose which lends some motion. The lions, bulls and dragons are brightly colored yellow and brown. The â€Å"Processional or Marduk’s Way†, which was aRead MoreThe Complete Persepolis By Marjane Satrapi1185 Words   |  5 PagesThere are certain countries that are ran through dictatorship, they abuse the power they have to the country. In the story, The Complete Persepolis written by Marjane Satrapi, she changes the view towards Iran through occurrences and eastern fundamentalist ideas. In 1979, there was the Islamic revolution in Iran. This year was the year that was going to have many changes to the country. In chapter one of the Veil, there are characters and their freedom of expression being repressed as well as theRead MoreAncient Persian Society Sample Answers Essay5585 Words   |  23 PagesDarius I is credited with transforming the city into the administrative capital for the Persian kings. It was accessible to Babylon, Ecbatana and the eastern parts of the empire. Identify three Royal Palaces in this period Susa, Pasargadae and Persepolis Who or what was Bel Marduk? Bel Marduk was the principal Babylonian God at the time of the conquest of Babylon by Cyrus the Great. Bel Marduk is honored in Babylon for bringing order to the cosmos, creating humankind and defending all otherRead MoreAnalysis Of Marjane Satrapi s Persepolis Essay1519 Words   |  7 PagesIn her autobiographical comic Persepolis, Marjane Satrapi, within the first five pages of the book, tells the reader that she was born with religion. She immediately explains (in regards to the Islamic practice of veiling) that â€Å"I really didn’t know what to think about the veil. Deep down I was very religious but as a family we were very modern and avant-garde† (Persepolis, 2003, pg. 6). For western feminists, this ambivalence towards the veil has been a common topic of discourse. In secularizedRead MoreThe Old vs. New: A Rhetorical Analysis of Persepolis by Marjane Satrapi776 Words   |  4 PagesIn the book Persepolis, a non-fiction piece about the author Marjane Satrapi ’s life in a changing Iran, Satrapi explores the idea of tensions between old and new by referencing conversations with her grandma, talking about parties, the transition of the veil into society, talking about her school, noting the demonstrations that took place in the streets, and discussing the cultural revolution that occurred. Satrapi purposefully communicates this theme to the audience to contrast the Iran she grewRead MorePersepolis : The Story Of An Iranian Child Meeting Westernized Culture1205 Words   |  5 Pages Persepolis: the story of an Iranian child meeting Westernized culture Works in Translation Paper English A: Literature HL Catalina Pino-Rios XXXXX (Candidate Number) Mrs. Smithson May 2017 Bethesda Chevy Chase High School Word Count: 1207 Many people from around the world have a different perspectives of what western culture really is depending on where you are in the world, or what cultures and religions you follow. Some see is at a place of wealthRead MoreThe Between Iran And The United States1075 Words   |  5 Pageswhich fear was your closest companion. This is the basic concept explored by Marjane Satrapi in her autobiographical graphic fiction â€Å"Persepolis†. Satrapi focuses on her own struggles growing up in Iran during the Islamic Revolution and Iran’s war with Iraq. Both of these events help establish the setting and create an intensely high cultural climate. â€Å"Persepolis† is centered on Iran’s cultural distinctions and offers a symbolic glimpse into American freedom. When compared, Iran and the United StatesRead MoreFor Anyone Unfamiliar With Computer Errors, Error 404 Is1443 Words   |  6 Pagesaimed at shedding light on a culture falls on deaf ears if it cannot intere st, connect to, and enlighten the consumer of that content. In order to effectively educate, the pupil should be interested in the material and find a connection to it. In Persepolis, Marjane Satrapi uses the comic genre to interest the reader visually through images, connect the audience to the main character through relatability, and educate the reader on the misconceptions of Middle Eastern culture. In Satrapi’s comic, interestRead MorePersepolis: A Feminist Perspective Essay867 Words   |  4 PagesMarjane Satrapi says in multiple interviews that she does not subscribe to feminism; instead, she describes herself as a humanist. However, her graphic novel memoir, Persepolis, has several themes at its core that convey feminist ideals. Throughout the novel, Marjane constantly expresses frustration with Iran’s strict regulations on women. She also grows up with strong female relationships in her family; these women help shape Marjane into the woman she is today, a woman who won’t stand for inequality

The Epic Of Gilgamesh And Ancient Egypt - 930 Words

Commencements The principle certifiable indications of the change of wrestling backpedal to the seasons of the Sumerians, 5000 years former. The Epic of Gilgamesh written in cuneiform, the figures and the low reliefs, are different sources that reveal the at first refereed competitions, joined by music. There are also various true and archeological clues of wrestling in Ancient Egypt. Among them, it justifies indicating particularly the drawings found in the tombs of Beni-Hassan identifying with 400 couples of wrestlers. These drawings, and various distinctive leftovers, witness the vicinity of associations of wrestlers in Ancient Egypt, wrestling rules and refereeing codes. For the Greeks, wrestling was a science and a marvelous workmanship, and it addresses the most basic get ready for youthful colleagues. Contenders wrestled stripped, with their bodies secured with olive oil and secured with a layer of slight sand to shield the skin from sunshine or from cold in the midst of winter. In the wake of wrestling, they scratched this layer off with an instrument called strigil and washed themselves with water. Fights were similar to those of freestyle wrestling, as showed up by drawings and engravings from that time. The contender who initially hurled his adversary or first chop him down - either on his back, hips, mid-area, knees or elbows - was shown the victor. In the midst of the Ancient Olympic Games, from 708 B.C., wrestling was the conclusive control of theShow MoreRelatedMesopotamian And Ancient Egyptian Are Two Very Comparable946 Words   |  4 Pagesand Ancient Egyptian are two very comparable cultures. There are similar and differences in regards to their Government, Law, Writing, Cities, Religion, Jobs, and Technology. This is reflected in their literatures, Epic Gilgamesh, and the Story of Sinuhe. Gilgamesh in the Epic of Gilgamesh and Sinuhe in the Story of Sinuhe are important characters that outline the perspective of an ancient society’s. The Epic of Gilgamesh was a story completely written in cuneiform. The author for this Epic poemRead MoreChapter 1 Essays896 Words   |  4 Pagesgathering to cultivation of agriculture that permitted man to settle down permanently ending nomadic existence. 2. The Sumerians invented the first written language called Cuneiform. 3. Polytheistic Religion is the belief in many Gods. 4. Epic of Gilgamesh was the first literary story with a protagonist with a name and personality, and earliest written record of the discovery of death 5. One of the first established codes of law was the Hammurabi. 6. Why was the Hammurabi’s Code of law soRead MoreThe Civilizations Of Ancient Civilization1178 Words   |  5 Pagesmeaning â€Å"citizen†, or simply someone who lives in a city. However, what is the difference between a group of people who live in a town and our modern concept of civilization. To find the answer to that question we can turn to the civilizations of ancient times. The beginning of civilization as we know it began in the Neolithic era. This era began with a very distinct change to the way of life, from the old way of migrating constantly to wherever the food roams to settling down in one area and growingRead MoreThe Relationship Between Mythology And History : Ancient Mesopotamia And Egypt1125 Words   |  5 Pages An analysis of the Relationship between Mythology and History: Mythology in Ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt William R Madden Western Civilization September 25, 2017â€Æ' How has history been affected by the myths of ancient cultures? Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary defines the word history as â€Å"a chronological record of significant events.† In contrast, Merriam-Webster defines the word mythology as â€Å"an allegorical narrative† or â€Å"a body of myths: such as: the myths dealing with the godsRead MoreThe Epic of Gilgamesh1067 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Epic of Gilgamesh is so popular and has lasted such a long time, is because it offers insight into the human concerns of people four thousand years ago, many of which are still relevant today. Some of these human concerns found in the book that are still applicable today include: the fear and concerns people have in relation to death, overwhelming desires to be immortal, and the impact a friendship has on a person’s life. It does not take a great deal of insight into The Epic of Gilgamesh forRead MoreAncient Egypt vs. Mesopotamia - Comparative Essay988 Words   |  4 P agesAncient Egypt and Mesopotamia Egypt and Mesopotamia, although similar, are different as a result of one major natural resource: a river. Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia were an agricultural based society that believed in the existence of many deities; however, they differed in the aspect of how they evolved as an agricultural society and whether they feared or praised their gods. Mesopotamia, also known as the Fertile Crescent, was located inside the Euphrates and Tigris River. The fertile landRead MoreMesopotamia, Egypt and China Essay871 Words   |  4 PagesThe civilizations of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia and China were all different but were also developed similar ways of doing things. The political, economic and intellectual outlooks of these ancient peoples say a lot about their ways of life. The religious views of Egypt and Mesopotamia were rather different. II. Politics The political thinking of these ancient civilizations definitely had their differences and also their similarities. A. Mesopotamia Mesopotamia was divided into city-statesRead MoreEpic of Gilgamesh Essay1021 Words   |  5 PagesEpic of Gilgamesh . Mesopotamia, current day Iraq, derived its name from words meaning, the land between the rivers, which refers to the Tigris and Euphrates. This land was inhabited during the fourth millennium B.C.E. and throughout time transcended into political and military organizations. The significance of these cultures revolved around important warrior figures and their impact on society. The most important figure that will be discussed is the protagonist from The Epic of GilgameshRead MoreHow Would You Define the Mesopotamian Ideal of Kingship? Essay930 Words   |  4 PagesHow would you define the Mesopotamian ideal of kingship? They believed in kingship, and it was an honor for a man by the gods. In contrast with other civilizations such as ancient Egypt, Mesopotamians consider a king to be a great man that was selected by the gods to represent them on earth and not divine. A king was expected to keep the gods informed of events in his land and could ask them for advice through the act of worship. This belief was reinforced through the wearing of the divine symbolsRead MoreReligion And State : Religion1508 Words   |  7 PagesSeparating religion and state is not as simple as it may seem. Many ancient civilizations relied on religion to guide them and give their lives a purpose. Some civilizations were even built on the words of their gods. This did not mean every civilization enforced religion to the same extent, societies located in places like Egypt and Asia prioritized religion more than others like the early Mesopotamians. Different documents and pieces of writing emerged though the discovery of thes e civilizations

The Awakening And Henrik Ibsen s A Doll s House

Kate Chopin’s feminist novella The Awakening and Henrik Ibsen’s iconic play A Doll’s House both follow strong female protagonists who deal with abusive relationships, difficult situations, and self-realization. A main theme seen in both works is that of self-awareness and the journey to find one’s self while they deal with conflicting relationships between themselves and other characters. Although Robert M. Adams’ identification of personality clashes is evident in both works, his interpretation of A Doll’s House and belief that it is centered around Nora’s failed relationships cannot be proven true. Adams’ critique of the theme being primarily about different personalities being on various levels of life and expectations, however, can be found in The Awakening. Edna cannot seem to decide what is best for her while also trying to please the men in her life. While The Awakening exemplifies the personality conflicts as described i n Adams’ interpretation, A Doll’s House cannot uphold these standards as it disproves the critique with prominent themes of the female protagonist’s journey to self-realization. Difficulty connecting with others due to conflicting personalities can aid in realizing what will benefit one’s quality of life, but one seeking self-realization will find it within themselves. The Awakening is titled for the spiritual awakening that Edna Pontellier experiences throughout the novel, however, it is her relationship between her and Leonce that cause herShow MoreRelatedKate Chopin s The Awakening And Henrik Ibsen s A Doll s House1571 Words   |  7 Pagesdominated world, which took females to serve as inspirations rather than creators. In Kate Chopin s, The Awakening and Henrik Ibsen s, A Doll House, the authors use their main characters to show the occurring changes of females in a male dominated society. Edna Pontellier and Nora Helmer explore their desires to find independence and live fully within themselves. The two housewives experience their awakenings similarly through their repressive husbands, their lack of motherliness, and their ultimate decisionRead MoreHenrik Ibsen s A Doll House1563 Words   |  7 Pages In the play, A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen, the title itself symbolizes the dependent and degraded role of the wife within traditional marriages. Ibsen portrayed the generous nature root into women by society, as well as the significant action of this nature, and lastly the need for them to find their own voice in a world ruled by men. Ibsen wrote this play in 1879, this is the era where women were obedient to men, tend the children until their husband came home, and stood by the Cult of DomesticityRead MoreEssay about Marriage Without Love in Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House 1535 Words   |  7 PagesMarriage Without Love in Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House In his play, A Doll?s House, Henrik Ibsen shows a marriage built only on appearances, and not love. Both Nora the wife, and Torvald the husband, pretend they are in love throughout the story. However, love should be patient and kind, and their love is anything but that. Nora treats her husband as a father figure. Her feelings towards Torvald are more about dependence than love. Torvald treats Nora like a child or a pet. He getsRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1037 Words   |  5 PagesHenrik Ibsen s A Doll s House is a work of literature genius. This three-act play involves many literary technics that are undermined by the average reader such as the fact that the plot shows the main characters Torvald and his wife Nora live the perfect life. An ironic paradox based around the fact that Nora and Torvald’s relationship is the complete opposite of perfect. Also, bringing upon a conflict as well, appearance versus reality. These little hidden meanings within stories are what areRead MoreHow Writers Represents Relationships Between Characters1019 Words   |  5 Pagesmoney that he saved for a long time, he discovered what real happiness and love is after he becomes a Eppies` father. A Doll s House is a naturalist play in prose by Henrik Ibsen. Similar to George Eliot he uses the plot and language to pass a message of values and morals to the audience. The structures of the work are the three separate acts. Through them, the author shows how Nora`s and Torvald relationship changes. In the beginning they seem to be happy. As the play progresses, its easy to see thatRead MoreTheatrical Realism : Realism And Realism1228 Words   |  5 PagesDOLL’S HOUSE Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906), a norwegian writer, is considered to be the father of modern realistic drama His plays attacked society’s values and dealt with unconventional subjects within the form of the well-made play (causally related) Ibsen’s letters reveal that much of what is contained in his realist dramas is based on events from his own life. A Doll’s House was the second in a series of realist plays by Ibsen after The Pillars of Society (1877) In the play, A Doll s House, the titleRead MoreCompare And Contrast A Doll House And The Poisonwood Bible1604 Words   |  7 PagesA Doll House by Henrik Ibsen depicts a young wife, Nora, as she struggles to deal with the repercussions of illegally borrowing money to help save, her husband, Torvald’s life. The play ends after her activity has been brought to the light and Torvald’s true nature of selfishness is revealed. Nora leaves him, recognizing their marriage as unequal. Barbara Kingsolver’s The Poisonwood Bible is set thousands of miles away in the Congo compared to the northern European setting of A Doll House, whereRead More Henrik Isbens A Dolls House Essay1014 Words   |  5 Pages Henrik Ibsenamp;#8217;s A Dollamp;#8217;s House, considers a very delicate situation experienced by a Scandinavian family in 1879. Nora Helmer, the main character and adored wife of Torvald faces a life-altering dilemma. She has to decide whether to remain with her obsessive husband in his sheltered home, playing the part of a doll, or take the initiative to leave and seek out her own individuality. There are three minor characters that have a significant impact on the final decision that NoraRead MoreAnalysis Of Nora Helmer s A Doll s House 841 Words   |  4 PagesBrennan1 John.Brennan Lisa Wall English Composition II 29 March 2015 Knowing about Nora Helmer From the beginning of A Doll’s House play, Nora Helmer appears to a obedient wife. She doesn t seem to mind when her husband, Torvald, calls her his little squirrel, his little lark, and a featherhead, (1.5-1.16).And more than that, she seems to enjoy and even play into it. She shows also a generous behavior, by giving a good tip to the porter and buying a lot of Christmas presents. TheRead MoreHenrik Ibsen s A Doll s House1775 Words   |  8 PagesThe play A Doll House was written and published in 1879 by Henrik Ibsen and is set in 19the century Norway. Having discussed Norway’s perception of women, religious beliefs, political and economic development over the 1800s as well as the life of Ibsen himself and his play’s influence on feminism in Norway. Personally, I found that I lacked cultural knowledge of women in Norwegian society during this time while reading the play. I learned that women in Norway’s patriarchal society lived their lives

The Pepsi Generation Free Essays

Nancy Perry The Pepsi Generation MKTG305-01 Marketing Management Unit 4 Individual Project October 30, 2011 Abstract It takes many years to build a brand name. Pepsi is no exception. This paper discuses what Pepsi means in today’s market and how it has evolved over time. We will write a custom essay sample on The Pepsi Generation or any similar topic only for you Order Now It also discusses the evolution of Pepsi’s target market and their competition. Celebrity endorsements can sell products and this paper discuses Pepsi’s endorsers as well as their competitions. The Pepsi Generation Introduction Pepsi Cola has been around since the 1893. Invented by pharmacist Caleb Bradham, Pepsi was originally named â€Å"Brad’s drink†, it was renamed Pepsi Cola about ten years later (Bellis, n. d. ). The Brand in Today’s Market Pepsi is found everywhere. It is known by everyone. What started out as a drink designed to be enjoyed and to help in digestion has turned into a conglomerate that encompasses so much of our lives, our vocabulary and so many products that we see in our pantries. Today the Pepsi brand more than just a soft drink. It is also breakfast, juices, teas, side dishes, snacks, cereals and oatmeal’s, energy drinks, and even water (Brands, 2011). Pepsi products are found in grocery stores, convenience stores, discount retail stores, and restaurants. The Pepsi logo is found on everything from children’s toys to racecars and is a recognizable symbol all over the world. The Brand’s Evolution Pepsi has come a long way since its creation in Caleb Bradhams kitchen. Pepsi Cola went bankrupt in 1923 and was later purchased by the Loft Candy Company who tried to sell it to Coca Cola. Pepsi’s first jingle was broadcast across the nation in 1940 (Bellis, n. d. ). in 1966 Pepsi is sold in Japan and Eastern Europe for the first time. In 1970, sales exceed the $1 billion mark with 36,000 employees (Our History, n. d. ). the 1980’s saw Pepsi become the largest beverage company in the world with more than 300,000 employees (Our History, n. d. ). By 1990, Pepsi had acquired Frito-Lay, Gamesa, Smarfood, Kentucky Fried Chicken, 7Up, and many other enterprises (Our History, n. d. ). The Brand’s Target Market: Today and Yesterday In the early years of Pepsi, the target market was limited to the customers who frequented Bradham’s Pharmacy in New Bern. Sometime around 1910, Pepsi started an ad campaign featuring women and celebrities (Caleb Bradham (1867-1934), 2011). This was a very successful move on Mr. Bradham’s part. Women have always been the deciding force behind household purchases, and celebrities grab the attention of the consumer. Pepsi’s target market today is geared for a younger crowd. The celebrities that are employed to be in today’s commercials are well known to the younger generation. Of course, commercials are not the only way Pepsi attracts young people. Pepsi sponsors concerts for musicians that are popular with young people. They provide scholarships, arrange educational trips, they give away items like bicycles, cd players t-shirts, and concert tickets (Pepsi Market Targeting, 2010). Positioning Of Competitors Pepsi’s biggest competitor is Coca Cola. Positioning by distribution would not help Coca Cola since Pepsi is found virtually everywhere Coca Cola is found. Price positioning also would not help Coca Cola because their prices are about the same as Pepsi. Benefit positioning is a good way for Coca Cola to position itself in the minds of consumers but Pepsi has one thing going for it that Coca Cola does not: Pepsi has food products in its list of goods and Coca Cola does not. Target positioning is Coca Cola’s strongest method. They target the same young people that Pepsi does, the 15-25 year old range (Target Market of Coca Cola, 2010). Coca Cola targets upper lower and lower class students and family oriented people with busy life styles who are fun loving and who loves entertainment. They are looking for people who are part of the mobile generation who are on the go and enjoy listening to music and watching television (Target Market of Coca Cola, 2010). Coca Cola and Pepsi and similar products but they do have their differences. Advertising reinforces these differences, which can affect sales and pricing. Advertising also protects the brands from their competition. However, there is a downside; an increase in competitive advertising can have an undesirable effect on the overall sales of each of the brands (Linton, 2011). The Celebrity Face of the Brand: The Fit and the Target In 1984, advertising history was made as Michael Jackson and his brothers appear in Pepsi commercials. Other celebrities like Lionel Richie, Tina Turner and Michael J. Fox soon followed in Pepsi commercials (Our History, n. d. ). Rap singer MC Hammer and Ray Charles appeared in commercials in 1991. All of the celebrity endorsers for Pepsi were chosen to reach a specific target market. Britney Spears and Beyonce were chosen to reach the younger generation just as Michael Jackson was some twenty years earlier. Ray Charles was chosen to reach older consumers who grew up in the ‘50’s and ‘60’s. Other Possible Endorsers for the Brand Pepsi has done a good job keeping up with the times, utilizing the celebrity status of the most popular and well-known people to sell their product. According to TV Guide, the three most popular celebrities are Jennifer Lopez, Kim Kardashian, and Mariah Carey. All three have appeared in Pepsi Commercials. Natalie Portman, Hilary Duff, and Zooey Deschanel have never endorsed Pepsi and would reach their target audience. Hilary Duff is a good choice because of her association with the Disney Channel. Young girls look up to her and young boys think she is pretty. Natalie Portman, whose fame skyrocketed with the release of the Star Wars prequel trilogy, would also make an excellent choice for Pepsi commercials. Zooey Deschanel is appealing to young people because she is an actress, a musician, a singer and a songwriter. The Competitors’ Endorsers Paris Hilton, LeBron James, and Christina Aguilera have all endorsed Coca Cola. However, Coca Cola tends to choose more athletic endorsers, like speed skater Apolo Ohno, and Olympic hockey player Angela Ruggiero (Coca-Cola’s Olympic endorsers, 2011). Coca Cola looks for more active athletic people, who are in good, physical condition. Perhaps because they want Coca Cola to be associated with a healthy lifestyle. They do have healthier alternatives than Coca Cola itself like juices and teas. Conclusion It is common knowledge that celebrities affect brand positioning. Advertising reinforces the brands image and helps to protect it in the brand’s market share from their competitors (Linton, 2011). References Bellis, M. (n. d. ). The History of Pepsi Cola. Retrieved October 28, 2011, from About. com: http://inventors. about. om/library/inventors/blpepsi. htm Brands. (2011). Retrieved October 29, 2011, from PepsiCo: http://www. pepsico. com/Brands. html Caleb Bradham (1867-1934). (2011). Retrieved October 29, 2011, from North Carolina History Project: http://www. northcarolinahistory. org/encyclopedia/113/entry Coca-Cola’s Olympic endorsers. (2011). Retrieved October 30, 2011, from The Atlanta Journal-Constitution: http: //projects. ajc. com/gallery/view/business/020510coke_athletes/ Linton, I. (2011, June 06). Does Advertising Affect Brand Management? Retrieved October 30, 2011, from eHow Money: http://www. ehow. om/info_8548285_advertising-affect-brand-management. html Our History. (n. d. ). Retrieved October 28, 2011, from PepsiCo: http://www. pepsico. com/Company/Our-History. html Pepsi Market Targeting. (2010, January 13). Retrieved October 29, 2011, from About. com: http://inventors. about. com/library/inventors/blpepsi. htm Target Market of Coca Cola. (2010, June 14). Retrieved October 29, 2011, from Zimbio: http://www. zimbio. com/Coca-Cola/articles/AQ1BESn41bA/Target+Market+of+Coca+Cola TV Guide Most Popular Celebrities. (2011). Retrieved October 29, 2011, from TV Guide: http://www. tvguide. com/top-celebrities How to cite The Pepsi Generation, Papers

Son Jarocho, a Type of Mexican Folk Music free essay sample

Son Jericho is a type of Mexican folk music that originated in southern Vernacular, Mexico. The son genre was created in 17th and 18th century with influence from Spanish music styles and instruments. This fusion of the son genre brought upon the Son Jericho among the coastal state of Vernacular. The Son Jericho is a combination of Mexican, Spanish and West African Influence. The West African Influence comes from the slaves that were brought to Vernacular by the Spaniards. By the 19th century, this son genre was distinguished as highly developed regional variant.During the 20th century, It was spread out throughout Mexico. The Son Choral has syncopation and percussive elements that are Mexican musical contributions. The standard Instruments In the Son Jericho Include: the Saran Jericho, the requiring Jericho and the Vernacular harp. The most Important Instrument Is the Saran Jericho that Is an eight-string guitar. The requiring Jericho has four stings and they are plucked with a plastic pick. We will write a custom essay sample on Son Jarocho, a Type of Mexican Folk Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Vernacular harp has 36 strings and Is non-pedal harp. Each instrument is highlighted in a solo.There are also maniocs that are patterns like the racquets, redoubles, and apogees that are incorporated with the loran playing. The Son Jericho has a rapid tempo, % meter. There are 2-3 chord progressions per son. Along with instruments, the main vocalist, the prisoner improvises verses. The vocalist usually has high-pitched voice with a tropical feel, a bit nasally and is playful in the chant. Another characteristic of the son Jericho is the dance aspect. The expatiated footwork is an acoustic element and compliments the instruments and vocals.

Financial Management International Currency Exposures Case Study

Question: You have been hired as a business consultant to analyze XYZ Company. While your client is very successful, he/she does not really understand financial numbers and desires your help. Your client wants to pay you to do the homework and due diligence on his behalf before he invests his money. Your job to answer the question Is XYZ Company the right company to invest in? Please be prepared to defend your recommendation, either way (whether you are recommending for or against investment in your clients chosen firm.)The Process:Since this is your first consulting job for this client, you want to do it right. After all, this could lead to additional analysis opportunities for you down the road. After benchmarking with other financial consultants, and viewing some of their work, you feel you need to provide the following information to your client:1. Brief history and description of the companys operations, background, primary product/service offerings, customers, business sector(s), etc.2. Brief bios of top executives and board of directors3. Financial analysis of XYZ Company based on data provided from the last five year financial reports (Annual Reports and 10Ks). (note: you must choose a publicly-traded corporation in order to be able to access this data)4. Report on the strengths and weaknesses of any financial trends of XYZ Corporation5. Market performance (stock price/returns over the last five years relative to the SP 500 index and major competitors.6. XYZ Companys competitors who are they, size, background, etc.7. XYZ Companys industry what are trends in this industry?8. Your assessment of companys prospects going forward and investment recommendation (buy, sell, or hold the stock)9. Based on your research, where do you think XYZ Company is going to be in three to five years? Provide the valuation on 3 to 5 years going forward. To help answer this question you need to know the company as well as the industry. Make sure you provide and support the assumption s used to project the companys future. Answer: Introduction The following report represents the highlights of a company, listed in United States examining the overall financial performance of the company for the purpose of investment. Company selected for presenting the report is The Coca Cola deals mainly in soft drinks and beverage products currently trading at a price of $43.49 in the New York Stock Exchange (Coca-Cola Global: Soft Drinks Beverage Products., 2016). Companys background The Coca Cola Company founded in the year 1886 by John Stith in Georgia, United States, is one of the largest nonalcoholic beverage producing companies. The organization has seven major operating system based on geographical region including, Europe, North America and Asia Pacific. Majority of the companys revenue generates from North America region from the sale of finished products while other regions operates in production and sale of syrups and beverage concentrates (Coca-Cola Global: Soft Drinks Beverage Products., 2016). The principal value of business for the company is its consumers preference, to build true and strong relationship with the present and prospect customers. Companys consumers include supermarkets, discounters, movie theatres, multiplexes, restaurants, hotels, caf amongst others. Its primary products are non- alcoholic beverage that includes Coca Cola, Sprite, Diet Coke, Fanta and similar other soft drinks (Coca-Cola Global: Soft Drinks Beverage Products., 2016). Top Executives and Board of Directors At present the companys Board Chairperson and Chief Executive Officer is Muhtar Kent having firm commitments to the morals and values to make the company sustainable and profitable in the competitive industries (Coca-Cola Global: Soft Drinks Beverage Products., 2016). James Quincey, president as well as Chief Operating Officer of the company since the year 2013, responsible for organizations operating segments worldwide. Under his leadership, one of most profitable operating segments of the company strategically expanded its portfolio across the world. Other Board of Directors of the company includes Herbert Allen, Ronald Allen, Marc Bolland, Ana Botin and Barry Diller (Coca-Cola Global: Soft Drinks Beverage Products., 2016). Discussion Financial analysis The sales revenue of Coca Cola during the financial year was around US$44.29 million which increased from US$35.12 million in the year 2010. The company owns more than 500 brands in the nonalcoholic beverage products. Its approximate sales unit in the year 2015 was 2,055 million while in the year 2014 it was around 2,003 million (Coca-Cola Global: Soft Drinks Beverage Products., 2016). Figure 1: Sales revenue graph (Source: Coca-Cola Global: Soft Drinks Beverage Products., 2016) The companys equity shareholding reflects average of US$25 Billion in the fiscal year 2015 to US$31 Billion in the year 2010. Apart from that that organizations current assets shows decent growth between the years 2015 and 2010 with the value of US$ 33.4 Billion, US$ 32.99 Billion, US$31.3 Billion, US$ 30.33 Billion, US$ 25.5 Billion and US$ 21.58 Billion respectively. Additionally, the organizations gross margin percentage was at an average of 60% since the fiscal year 2010 to the year 2015 whereas its operating margin percentage was between 20% - 22% in the last five years. Profitability ratios of the Coca cola Company reveal the perpetual growth and sustainability as a largest and renowned brand for soft drinks and refreshments (Coca-Cola Global: Soft Drinks Beverage Products., 2016). Profitability ratios 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Tax Rate percentage 16.74 24.52 23.06 24.84 23.60 23.31 Net Margin percentage 33.63 18.42 18.78 18.32 15.43 16.60 Average Asset Turnover 0.58 0.61 0.57 0.53 0.51 0.49 Return on Assets percentage 19.42 11.21 10.86 9.74 7.80 8.07 Average Financial Leverage 2.35 2.53 2.63 2.71 3.04 3.53 Return on Capital (Equity) percentage 42.32 27.37 28.00 26.03 22.36 26.31 Return on Capital Investment percentage 26.69 14.87 14.27 12.58 9.86 10.63 Interest Coverage ratio 20.43 28.43 30.75 25.79 20.31 12.22 Table 1: Profitability ratios (Source: Created by author) Strength and weakness of financial trends The company is one of the largest producers and distributors of soft drinks and refreshments with the highest rank in consumers safety fetched a rating of A++ for having strong financial position in the economy. Companys core strengths are awareness of brand, powerful distribution network, strong customer relationship, premium quality products, strong operating systems and great leadership. With respect to the financial information, companys tremendous growth in sales at around 10% within last five years whereas its cash fund shows US$ 12.8 Billion in the year 2011 and US$ 7.31 Billion in the year 2015. The difference in cash fund reflects the dividend distribution to the investors as well as employment of funds in the business to expand and incorporate new projects (Coca-Cola Global: Soft Drinks Beverage Products., 2016). On the other hand, the companys notable weakness is its poor management in the water segment and fluctuations in foreign currency. As the company is in manufacturing of beverages and refreshment products, water is its essential ingredient as a raw material. Water is a significant element for the welfare of consumers as well because it is an inadequate resource in various regions of the world hence the company has to face some challenges for overusing it. Apart from that, company operates in many regions across the world around 200 countries and therefore, incurs its financial activities in different foreign currencies like euro, Japanese yen and Mexican peso. In the year 2014, the organization derived its revenue of around $26.2 Billion from the business operation outside the country United States. Hence, the rise and fall in currency exchange rates affect the foreign exposure with respect to foreign exchange loss (Coca-Cola Global: Soft Drinks Beverage Products., 2016). Market performance Currently the stock of Coca Cola (KO) is trading at $43.48 with a negative change of 0.03 to 0.07 percent indexes in New York Stock Exchange. In the year 2015, increase in Earnings Per Share (EPS) was 13.5% while the payment of dividend increased by 11.1% compared to the year 2014 (Coca-Cola Global: Soft Drinks Beverage Products., 2016). Figure 2: Market growth (Source: Coca-Cola Global: Soft Drinks Beverage Products., 2016) There was also increase in the Book value per share and free cash flow between the year 2010 and 2015. In the year 2010, the company had $7,317 Million free cash flow funds which increased to $8,209 Million in the year 2014 though it declined by small amount in the year 2015 to $7,975 Million. Moreover, there has been constant increase in the marketable securities of the company in the past five years amounted to US$ 4,269 Million in 2015, US$ 3,665 Million in 2014, US$ 3,147 Million in 2013, US$ 3,092 Million in 2012 and US$ 144 Million in 2011. Considering the companys current strategy on expansion of business operation, the management and Board of Directors have planned to invest US$ 3 Billion as a long term investment to support the new project for its sustainable growth (Coca-Cola Global: Soft Drinks Beverage Products., 2016). Competitors of the company Coca Cola have several major competitors in the beverage industry like PepsiCo, Inc., Tree Top, Inc., Citrus World, Inc., Dole Food Company, Inc., Monster Beverage Corp., and similar other companies. Companys competition is in the sector of nonalcoholic beverages since it is one of the highest competitive sectors (Coca-Cola Global: Soft Drinks Beverage Products., 2016). One of the major competitors is PepsiCo, Inc., an American company that deals in manufacturing and distribution of food, snacks and beverage having its headquarters in United States. The company falls under the industry of Beverages and food processing and was formed in the year 1965 because of merger between Pepsi- Cola Company and Frito- Lay. The company generated sales revenue more than $ 1 billion and the products are distributed in more than 200 countries and is considered as the second largest company in the world. In the year 2015, its operating income reported at amount of US $ 8.353 Billion while net income was reported at US $ 5.452 Billion and total assets at US$ 69.667 Billion in the year 2015 (Coca-Cola Global: Soft Drinks Beverage Products., 2016). Another major competitor of The Coca Cola Company is Monster Beverage Corp., which is manufactures and distributes energy drinks, fruit drinks, lemonade and other nonalcoholic beverage. It holds around 35% of the total energy drink market in United States having its net sales amounted to $645.4 million. Other competitor list of The Coca Cola Company includes Citrus World, Inc, which is a largest citrus drinks seller (Coca-Cola Global: Soft Drinks Beverage Products., 2016). Companys industry and trends In the present scenario, Companies in beverage industries experiencing changes that will enhance the product quality, production process of the companies and consequently increase the sales revenue. Companies will take steps in investing their substantial funds in research and development process to increase the quality contents of the health drinks and other beverages. Companies like PepsiCo, Coca Cola are taking steps to produce the drinks with organic ingredients concerning about the health of the consumers with respect to pure, safe and healthy drinks containing less calories, sugar content or sodium element (Coca-Cola Global: Soft Drinks Beverage Products., 2016). Another trend of the industry are concerning in the beverage industry is about reformulation of the products to serve health benefits to the consumers. Reformulation would take place only if it is required to do so in context to right amount of calories content, sugar content or any other ingredients that is harmful to the health of customers (Coca-Cola Global: Soft Drinks Beverage Products., 2016). Most of the companies are setting the trends of serving drinks in smaller bottles, cans or even paper cans to save the wastage and providing convenience of carrying the bottles. These containers also reduce the cost of packaging and serve hygienic system to supply drinks to the consumers. Additionally, smaller bottles means less quantity of drinks and apparently less consumption of calories. Association of American Beverage in the year 2014 assured to cut the content of calories by 20% until the year 2025 (Coca-Cola Global: Soft Drinks Beverage Products., 2016). Companys growth and investment recommendation Despite of several challenges and limitations the companys financial results reflected positive impact on the effective net pricing and net revenues ignoring foreign currency exposures. There was a rise in its operating revenue by 3% while in operating profits by 6% in the year 2014. Examining the past five years data, the company experienced some decline in its financial position in the year 2015 because of some operational changes and investment in the portfolio. However, that year was called transitional year and the company hope to obtain benefits in near future. Currently, Coca Cola Company has around 30% of market share in the universal beverage industry and is expected to include $90 Billion to the market cap by the year 2020. In the beginning of the year 2014 companys market cap was $150 Billion whereas the market cap in current market is $187.66 Billion and is expecting to grow the same by 6.9% in future years (Coca-Cola Global: Soft Drinks Beverage Products., 2016). Considering all the financial information it is highly recommended to invest in Coca Cola (KO) securities and hold the same. Analyzing the future expected growth and past optimistic financial trends it is advised not to go short on the companys stocks and shares. Further, the company is also regular in dividend payment so it is beneficial for the investors to go long and hold the securities to earn maximum returns (Coca-Cola Global: Soft Drinks Beverage Products., 2016). Companys position in next three years On examining the financial information of The Coca Cola Company, it can be said the company shows an immense growth and stability in the beverage industry since its incorporation. Growth in net profits, operating profits, significant increase in market cap shows an effective exposure in future years. Though the companys financial results in the year 2015 displayed decline in revenues with small percentage but if the foreign exchange fluctuations is ignored then there was increase in the year 2015 too. Therefore, the company is expected to grow significantly by 5%, 6% and 8% in the years 2016, 2017 and 2018 respectively (Coca-Cola Global: Soft Drinks Beverage Products., 2016). Integrated valuation 2015 2016 (+5%) 2017 (+6%) 2018 (+8%) $ Million Net sales 6,346.10 6,663.41 6,726.87 6,853.79 Cost of sales (4,018.70) (4,219.64) (4,259.82) (4,340.20) Gross profit 2,327.40 2,443.77 2,467.04 2,513.59 Operating expenses (1,855.20) (1,947.96) (1,966.51) (2,003.62) Restructuring costs (54.00) (56.70) (57.24) (58.32) Operating profit 418.20 439.11 443.29 451.66 Table 2: Three years valuation (Source: Created by author) It has been assumed that the growth of the companys performance in recent years will be 5% to 8% (approximately) and is expected to earn operating profits amounted to $451.66 Million. Hence, it is recommended to invest in the companys securities to earn maximum returns other than the dividend incomes (Coca-Cola Global: Soft Drinks Beverage Products., 2016). Recommendation With the view of companys growing trends and impact on its performance with respect to finance, product quality, customer relationship and investors benefits. The market cap of the company in 2014 was $150 Billion and in the year 2015 it was around $187 Billion with an increase of $37 Billion. Apart from that share price of the company in last five years was at an average of $ 31.00 and $45.00 which reflects a steady growth in its price. Therefore, the client is recommended to invest and buy the securities and hold for certain period until 2020 which expects to provide decent returns and incomes. However, the amount of investment is totally on the budget and available funds of the client but it is advised to invest 40% to 50% of the funds in the securities KO. This is because there should always be diversification in investment portfolio to minimize risk and maximize returns and incomes (Coca-Cola Global: Soft Drinks Beverage Products., 2016). Conclusion The report represented on the analysis and evaluation of the selected company Coca Cola which United States based largest beverage producer and distributor. The purpose of the report was to examine the different aspects of the financial information and to examine whether it is the appropriate and profitable company to invest funds. It is noted that the company has a strong financial position in the year 2015 as well as in past years with respect to revenues, profits, asset valuation, dividend payment and earnings per share. The growth percentage reflected 3 to 6 % in net revenues and operating profits of the company. Hence, the client is advised to invest the funds in the companys shares and hold for three to five years as the financial trend shows growth in the companys value which eventually provide good returns to its investors. The company is expected to have a significant growth in its turnover and profits by the year 2020, so it is a good opportunity to make investment in its s ecurities (Coca-Cola Global: Soft Drinks Beverage Products., 2016). Bibliography List Bntrix, A. S., Lane, P. R., Shambaugh, J. C. (2015). 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